Telecommunications :: Telephone Radio Television Microwave Satellite

The transmission of words, sounds, images, or info in the socio-economic class of electronic orelectromagnetic signals or impulses. Transmission media include the predict(using wire or optical cable), radio, television, microwave, and satellite. Datacommunication, the fastest growing welkin of telecommunication, is the process oftransmitting selective information in digital course by wire or radio. Digital data arsehole begenerated outright in a 1/0 binary code by a computer or jackpot be produced from a region or visual signal by a process called encoding. A data communicationsnetwork is created by interconnecting a large moment of entropy sources sothat data can flow freely among them. The data may consist of a specific item ofinformation, a theme of such items, or computer instructions. Examples include anews item, a bank transaction, a bill address, a letter, a book, a mailinglist, a bank statement, or a computer program. The machinations used can be computers,termina ls ( guiles that transmit and receive information), and peripheralequipment such as printers (see ready reckoner Office Systems). The transmission lineused can be a normal or a specially purchased telephone line called a leased, orprivate, line (see Telephone). It can also take the form of a microwave or acommunications-satellite linkage, or some combination of every of these varioussystems.Hardw be and SoftwareEach telecommunications device uses hardware, which connects a device to thetransmission line and software, which makes it possible for a device totransmit information through the line.HardwareHardware usually consists of a transmitter and a cable interface, or, if thetelephone is used as a transmission line, a modulator/demodulator, or modem. Atransmitter prepares information for transmission by converting it from a formthat the device uses (such as a clustered or latitude arrangement of electronicbits of information) to a form that the transmission line uses (such as, usu ally,a serial arrangement of electronic bits). Most transmitters are an inviolate portion of the sending device. A cable interface, as the name indicates,connects a device to a cable. It converts the transmitted signals from the form necessary by the device to the form required by the cable. Most cable interfacesare also an integral element of the sending device. A modem converts digitalsignals to and from the modulated form required by the telephone line to thedemodulated form that the device itself requires. Modems transmit data through atelephone line at various speeds, which are measured in bits per second (bps) oras signals per second (baud). Modems can be either integral or external social units.An external unit must be connected by cable to the sending device.